Electro-magnetic motor



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. f H. M. PAINE.

ELEGTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR. No. 366,021. Patented July 5, 1887;

qw itmqma aM/uewbom J I lbbom w fl j\ (No Model-) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. M. PAINE.

ELEGTRO MAGNETIC MOTOR. No. 866,021. Patented July 5,18 1

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' HENRY M. 'PAINE, or NEWARK, NEW JERsEY.

ELECTRO-MAVGNEVTIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 366,021, dated July 5, 1887.

- Application filed Febrnaryll), 1886. Serial No. 192,452. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY M. PAINE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark,

electromagnetic motors in which a paramagnetic shell or cylinder having armatures on its inner perimeter is employed in connection with electro-magnets mounted on a revolving shaft, and the armatures are so arranged that one of them is always on the point of being attracted by one or the other of the electromagnets.

In electric motors .of the foregoing description it has been customary to group a number of comparatively small electro-magnets at equal distances apart around a central shaft. I have ascertained that greater efficiency can be realized from the concentration of electric energy on a few large magnets, which are so disposed in groups on a central shaft as to leave blank spaces orgaps between the groups of companion magnets arranged diametrically opposite each other on said central shaft. Furthermore,I have devised such an arrangement of the commutator or current distributing disk in connection with the group of magnets that the current is introduced into one after the other of the electro magnets without ever breaking the current, the latter beginning to pass into the second electro-magnet beforeit has ceased to flow in the first one, and so on into the third el'ectro-magnet, after which it is shunted back again into the first one.

The invention, briefly outlined in the foregoing statement,will be hereinafter more fully described, and thenset forth in the claim.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical transverse section of an electric motor with the magnets in what may be termed the primary positions. Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views showing the cores of the electromagnets (represented naked) in the second and third positions. Fig. 4 is a diagram View representing the groups of companion electromagnets, their circuits and the current-distributing devices, the latter being enlarged'or distorted to show the disposition more clearly.

The reference-numeral 1 designates a para magnetic cylinder or shell having solid or attached armatures. 2 on its interior perimeter. lhese armatures are arranged at equal distances from each other, and they may be presentin any'suitable number,twenty being shown in the present instance,which is a number not divisable into three equal parts. A central shaft, 3, passing through the side walls of the paramagnetic cylinder. carries adrum-shaped hub, 4, from which radiate two groups of three electro-magnets, A, B, and 0, arranged diametrically opposite each other on the hub 4. These groups of three electro-niagnets constitute companion magnets, and they are connected with each other, respectively, by wires a, b, and c, as is shown in Fig. 4. The cores or limbs of the electro-magnets are made coniparatively longer than in motors having such limbs arranged completely around a central shaft or hub. In other words, a few large magnets are so grouped with reference to their fulcrurn-armatn res that continuity of magnetic attraction will result without reference to the number of armatures in the field of the magnets progression. It is to be understood, however, that the armatures are not to be present in such number as would cause more than one of them to be coincident with an electromagnet at a time. This is attained by having a number of armatures that cannot be divided into three equal parts. The groups of three electro-magnets are arranged on the hub or the shaft, so as to leave gaps or empty spaces between the same, and obviously to resist the strain or binding action upon such shaft. The companion magnets on each side of the shaft must exert their pull or action upon the armatures simultaneously. From the connectingwires a, b, and c of such companion magnets extend wires A213", and G which are connected, respectively, with the disks A, B, and G of a commutator orcurrent distributor. These disks are fitted on the shaft 3,and are insulated from each other, and they have each as many contact-pointsinsulated from each other in the customary manner-as there are armatures on the paramagnetic cylinder. A brush or contact-maker, D, of any approved form bears upon the three-part currentdistributer, and is connected with one pole of the electric battery IOO or generator, the other pole of thelattcr being connected with the hub 4, so as to complete the circuit.

By the arrangement of electro-magnets, ar matures, and commutator or current-distrio uter shown in the present instance I attain the following action, viz: Assuming the direction of rotation to be according to the arrows in the various figures when the front electromagnet, O, is commencing to make its pull on the armature opposite its front edge, the middle electro-magnet will have traversed another armature and rest at the rear edge thereof, while the third electromagnct is coincident with another armature, as is shown in Fig. 1.

Thereupon, by a continuation of the rotation by magnetic attraction the first eleetro' magnet is brought coincident with an armature and the second eleetro-magnct is brought opposite the front edge of another armature, so as to make its pull while the third electro-magnet is then at the rear edge of another armature, as is shown in Fig. 2. After this, upon a further rotation, the thi rd eleetromagnet, A,is brought into action, as is shown in Fig. 3, the first magnet being then opposite the rear edge of an armature and the second one coincident with another armature. By the arrangement of the three part currentdistributor and contactlnaker the current, after it has passed through the third electro-magnet, is shunted to the first one of the group, and then the action is continued in the manner already described. The contact-points on the three disks ofthe currentdistributer lap over each other, or are so arranged that the brush or contact-maker is always npon one of said points, and hence the current never leaves one electro-magnet until it has commenced to flow into the next one. Hence the current is never broken, and I obviate to a great extent the detrimental effects of the residual magnetism or the counter electric force, and also the sparking at the contact-points.

Having thus described my lllVClltlOlLWllilbI claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

In an electric motor, the combination of a rotary shaft and groups of three companion eleetromagnets arranged diametrically opposite each other on said shaft and close together, so as to leave vacant spaces between the two groups, with a stationary cylinder or shell having a series of fulcrum-armatures and a current-distributer and circuit-connections, substantially as shown, whereby the electroinagnets operate in such manner that when the first eleetro magnet is directly coincident with one armature the second clectro-magnet is directly in front of another armature and the third elcctromaguet is immediately in rear of another fulcrum-armature, substantially as herein set forth.

HENRY M. PAINE.

.Vi t n ess es:

EDWIN M. WIGHT, BENJ. S. UonnIIoUsE. 

